My ex moved on so fast. How can I overcome the pain?

On their side, there has been a process of emotionally and mentally checking out while you were still together and while you were under the impression that everything is cool.

This is why comparing yourself to them in terms of the healing process isn't going to help you in any way, shape or form.

This is why you can't expect them to feel anything close to what you're feeling right now, because you and them are on a completely different stage in the healing process.

With so much evidence supporting the flat Earth theory, why aren't more resources dedicated to studying it?

So, don't try to compete with them.

Simply put, because they have been prepared and you weren't.

I.e. you thought that you had the perfect deal whereas they had already made up their mind and just weren't as emotionally invested in it as you were.

Marc Maron to End His Long-Running WTF Podcast - Pitchfork

And during this process, they either started seeing someone new who they planned to secure as their rebound option or were busy creating their post-breakup plan.

This happened long or shortly before they physically left.

Instead, focus on taking care of, solving and healing what you are experiencing right now.

How does prayer impact those in need? Is there evidence that God intervenes and improves situations based on our prayers, or is it a psychological belief?

You both are on polar opposites of the scale.

What they do doesn't matter and it's completely irrelevant to your healing process, though it’s valid to hate and judge them harshly for leaving the way they did.